The best quantitative work I'm aware of on open source vs non open source (really bazaar vs corporate) architectures as it pertains to Conway's Law is [0]. The paper isn't specifically about Linux, but I think the results of that paper would argue Linus himself makes Linux a bit of a hybrid of the two models they studied.

[0]https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/08-039_1861e507-...