I wanted to transition to this development model a year ago, but unfortunately X11 forwarding was slow on mobile connections, and as far as I'm aware (if you know a workaround let me know), on Linux, RDP can't be made to just share a single app, only full desktop sessions.
We experimented with X forwarding, but it worked well only on e.g. local networks. Some people still ended up using X forwarding, but JB Gateway or VSC Remote is in a different league.
We have also tried Jetbrains Projector, which is basically a different rendering engine for Java Swing. A remote IDEA instance was rendering the UI through HTML, i.e. you could develop in a browser. It worked relatively well, but there were some issues around copy/paste, etc.
The only thing I've found to be half-ways usable is x2go. With it you can have a rootless window session. I still end up using VS Code Remote development tools a lot though.
I wanted to transition to this development model a year ago, but unfortunately X11 forwarding was slow on mobile connections, and as far as I'm aware (if you know a workaround let me know), on Linux, RDP can't be made to just share a single app, only full desktop sessions.