interesting. so traditionally the preprocessor has been used to work around incompatibilities across various compilers/platforms and to completely enable/disable features at compile time. what's the new thinking there? can you build big projects across clang/g++/intel without preprocessor workarounds now? has the number of viable compilers in use dropped and compatibility amongst those that live on increased? how about stuff like debugging/instrumentation? or is the current thinking on all that stuff to always build with all of it and enable/disable via runtime branch? (along with some argument that configuration at build time was more trouble than it's worth on modern spacious/fast machines)?
In a nutshell: Using compile-time facilities which are within the language itself. Compilers will expose information about the platform, about themselves, etc.