I was 15 when my dad brought home an Apple IIe with VisiCalc on a floppy. Since I had taken a computer class at school (learning BASIC on a Commodore PET) he asked me to help. I ended up installing it and out how to build a spreadsheet for his non-profit. I didn't realize it at the time, but this moment reverberated into a long and successful career. The early days of which were centered around making spreadsheets for a wide array of businesses. VisiCalc literally changed my life.
Dan Bricklin also published "Dan Bricklin's Demo Program" in the 1980s, which my team at IBM used quite a bit. It was for creating functional mockups of DOS (pre Windows) applications. We found it very useful in producing an interactive app mockup with which we could solidify agreement on requirements.
He acknowledges its existence, but doesn't have artifacts from it. As I recall, the box (as software was packaged then) had a large tomato on it (his company was Software Garden).
I was using VisiCalc from the start, in 1981. I used it for hundreds of hours, particularly for school work, over years. The skills I learned carried over to other spreadsheets over the last 40 years.
But it was a stolen copy, I never paid a dime. Now I feel bad about that. Maybe they could put up a VisiCalc spreadsheet that would help me calculate how much I owe them now. I might need to caclulate an installment plan.
But don't feel too bad. Note that even Microsoft realized that individuals and developing nations using software for free were expanding the market for future sales.
(In interviews over the years, MS spokesmen never focus on users that can't afford business software.
They (the SBA) did a few raids in Indonesian mall stores, where individuals really can't afford licenses. The average monthly salary at the time was about $100/month, and even today it's still around $200/month pre-corona.) But the raids might have been from having close relationships with the DEA and other US agencies moreso than the reach of the SBA by itself.
Also, large US companies know that site licenses and corporate sales are the real cash cow, with accounting and tax rules encouraging self-compliance.
FYI: What's interesting is that when I worked in Japan around 2005, all of the common desktop software was either Microsoft or Adobe at a very large company, with the odd internal program. (For servers, they were just switching from FreeBSD to linux.)
>FYI: What's interesting is that when I worked in Japan around 2005, all of the common desktop software was either Microsoft or Adobe at a very large company, with the odd internal program.
What's so interesting about that? Did you expect the company to have its own internally developed desktop software, or that Japan would have developed its own for its companies?
They were typically folded with several panels, just the right size to sit in your shirt pocket next to the pen and pocket protector.
I still have a bunch of these cards I used to carry around in my job as an IBM mainframe engineer. So damn useful and concise.
I guess things change too fast these days for there to be a place for reference cards. And the days of fitting an entire CPU instruction set on a single card are sure in the past.
I managed to rescue a few shrinkwrapped, never open boxed copies of WordPerfect 5.1 that a place I was working at was tossing. Main reason was I wanted the templates that fit over the F keys on the keyboard - those were the ultimate reference cards :)
It doesn't work for GUI software though. And even for CLI tools mans are not universally used. Sometimes it's just --help and for more information one have to refer to a website (typically a README on github). It seems to me that that quality and quantity of documentation and help files for GUI software degrades over time. Probably because it changes so fast that documenting it would be too expensive.
On other hand now we have a lot of software for free, and even paid one is less expensive than it used to be so it is unfair to complain about lack of documentation. But I miss high quality docs and built-in help I used to see until 2000s (may be even 2010s).
I narrowly "missed" visicalc, as by the time I had a IBM compatible PC the "real thing" was already Lotus 1-2-3.
But some years later, in win 3.x times, I had to use it as there were some valuable spreadsheet that needed to be "translated" to Excel, those were fun times, the actual executable being so small and still capable of doing "amazing" things.
BTW, and as a side note, in Windows times and before Excel 95 came out (probably also after it was released), the "best" spreadsheet around was (IMHO) the very little known Borland Quattro:
I'd like to add a vote for word processing, as also a huge selling point for computers for ordinary people.
With word processing, if you were currently using a typewriter, and correcting tape/fluid, and editing, and re-typing pages (and, hey, change your mind about the name of the protagonist in your novel? one command)... that seems a very easy sell.
Spreadsheets also seemed an easy sell from the start (e.g., accurate instant calculations of, say, current paper ledgers, without a calculator). Even before people understood all the new things they'd be doing with spreadsheets that weren't practical or convenient before.
("Education", "balancing your checkbook", "organizing your recipes", and other early pitches for non-business ordinary people home computers... not so much. Though a lot of ordinary people tried programming.)
One distinction with the Web might've been that (at least initially) although it might've made ordinary people want to use a computer, they didn't immediately see what it was good for. Initially, you could wander around Yahoo, and click to some Web museum experiment, and that was a novelty and a nice demo you could extrapolate, especially if you were an ordinary person into science fiction or futurism. But mostly you knew a bunch of companies were suddenly throwing money at it, and that those companies also didn't seem to know what it was good for. But lots of people wanted to be there.
I had a Wang PC-280 [0] (80286) that I bought at a rummage sale (mostly because I was a kid and thought the name was hilarious). It was an absolute tank of a machine. I also had a Brother WP-80 [1] which was a more modern word processor that also included a spreadsheet function.
Desktop publishing was more than a buzzword! I had a Mac Plus in High School and I was one of the more popular people in my class. I also ended up typesetting the school newspaper, eventually I got a few of my peers trained up to do it too. The portability of the Mac Plus came in handy as I would bring it to school once a month to get the paper done.
Had to get my mom to drive me to a service bureau near the university that would laser print pages - $1 a page. Our highschool paper looked better than most of the indy papers in town. It was revolutionary tech that we now just take for granted.
I remember getting excited over the first bubblejet printers - finally affordable laser like quality!
Oh yeah, the $1 color(?) laser prints! And the $1-per-page faxing.
I had a childhood very tiny shrinkwrap software business then, and my packaging was based on paper inserts in clamshell packaging (lower startup costs than actual shrinkwrap machine and supplies).
Places were offering color laser prints for $1 per page. That was a little too painful, and my tools for mastering were limited (monochrome paint programs that wouldn't even display square pixels, and some bits manually taped up). I ended up using a normal print shop for offset printing, using one standard (unmixed) color, and I think the guy gave the little kid a discount, and also fixed the tape-up. First product had a standard blue on white paper stock (with a couple colored circle stickers like for garage sales, printed with things like version number on my 9-pin printer), and the second was standard red on canary stock.
We actually did a youth group newsletter a similar way, except with more tape-up (every little big was printed separately), and just 5-cent photocopying.
I would add word processing, the GUI, email, the telephone (even if the computer you were using was a 3B2 in a windowless data center downtown), text chat, Hypercard, MacPaint, video streaming, CAD, GPS, engine control units (which you use every time you drive a car made in the last 40 years), and the GENESYS animation program.
For me it was the earliest computer games (Adventure, Infocom Games, Wizardry). But having Basic (or was it always QBasic?) installed was also a fun reason to mess around with the computer. My Dad worked for IBM, and he brought home one of the earliest PCs I think in 1980 or 81.
The key is in the name, mobility. Being able to look at a map on the web on your home computer is nice, being able to look at map anyplace your phone works is the so much better.
Go watch the original iPhone launch keynote with Steve Jobs. Before the iPhone "mobile internet" was a completely separate version of the 'net - if a site even bothered to create a WAP version of themselves to render on phones. Before the iPhone the only thing consistently useful on a mobile "smart phone" was email. Having a real web browser that rendered real web pages was a watershed moment!
I love this on the page where you can download an early version of VisiCalc:
>You can download it to your PC and run it under Windows or DOS. It is only 27,520 bytes long (smaller than many GIFs and JPGs on the web).
Mind boggling when you think about that. One of the first "pro" gigs I had as a teenager was setting up a Commodore PET to run VisiCalc for my Mom's friend who ran the lab at the hospital she worked at. Wasn't even sure I really cared for computers that much back then; seems utterly foreign to me now that I think about it!
I was a Supercalc 2 user under CP/M 2.2 and 3.1. It was my first experience of spreadsheets since an IBM PC was far outside of my price range. My own memory of it was that it was quick, it was economical in terms of disk and memory (as many apps had to be in those days, a lost art), and most important of all the documentation was superb.
Looks like that page was last updated in 2009 so might need a small tweak that it runs today provided you use something like DosBox (at least on 64-bit Windows 10)
Jessica Livingston's book "Founders at Work" [1] contains an interview with Dan Bricklin. But yes indeed, I would also be interested to read a lot more about VisiCalc's history. Mr Bricklin has written a book [2], but it's not available in e-book format alas.
On the one hand he acknowledges the benefits of programming in a software-patent-free environment:
"At that time in history, and before, few fundamental programming concepts were patented. We all borrowed from each other. Just a few examples of concepts where patents played no role in those days: word wrapping, cut and paste, the word processing ruler, sorting and compression algorithms, hypertext linking, and compiler techniques."
On the other hand, he seems to have developed an opportunistically pro-software-patent stance since then:
"That said, I also feel that no matter how much you might feel that patents don't work for the software industry, and how much you may take up the torch to change the law, it is the law today and a fact of programming life..."
"Nevertheless, patenting software is encouraged by law, and I find it my duty to the shareholders of the companies I've been working for to take advantage of this protection."
I could only wish that someone like him, with his presumable level of influence would promote the abolition of software patents. Instead, it sounds like he acknowledges that they're bad, but then makes no effort to use his influence against them, and becomes yet another stockpiler in the software-patent arms race. He himself walked through an open door of intellectual freedom, but seems to have made little effort in making sure that door stayed open for others behind him, or in reopening that now-closed door. He benefitted from the door being open and is now benefitting from it being closed, after he crossed it.
Disney syndrome. Disney benefited from The Brothers Grimm, yet when it is their turn to return works to the robust public commons, they work hard to deny others the same opportunity.
Patents do serve a useful purpose - for example they were considered so important to fostering innovation that they are built into the US Constitution, which is pretty lightweight with what is in there, all other things considered.
The problem is law hasn't kept up with how they are being abused, or as with Disney and Copyright - special interests have succeeded in perverting the original goals to tilt the balance of power into their favor.
We need to wrestle control back, not toss the whole system.
Personally, I feel both "limited time" and "exclusive right" need very serious reconsideration in light of:
how rapidly software can develop, and or can be lost
, and
unlike material innovations and constructs, software with many contributors ends up being greater than any one contribution, and this being true for all users, both potential and actual
, and
the need for systems, consisting of and or containing software, to interoperate, be serviced and preserved.
OTOH, patents apparently did nothing to prevent Excel's rise to the top when there was Lotus 1-2-3 and in fact Visicalc before; MS Excel starting life on Mac OS, and MS only providing Multiplan on DOS (and CP/M?) which was seen as a budget alternative to 1-2-3.
I'm not sure what patents might have been in place at the time Excel came around. In any case, large wealthy companies such as Microsoft are better equipped to deal with the looming threat posed by software patents (or even actual patent-based lawsuits.) Software patents seem particular noxious to smaller software development companies that are more vulnerable to being shut down by a shakedown.
It wasn’t a complaint or admonishment, just dang posting a bunch of VisiCalc links that readers who liked this link might also find further interest in.
