I've seen rounding errors on something as simple as adding the taxes calculated per line item vs calculating a tax on a subtotal. This was flagged as incorrect downstream where taxes were calculated the other way.
In a real-life transaction where pennies are not exchanged this could mean a difference of a nickel on a $20 purchase which isn't a meaningful difference but certainly not insignificant.
How much was the difference? Was there any rounding involved at any step? When dealing with money, I see rounding and integer math all the time. As another comment has mentioned, within 53 bits of mantissa, the number range is so big, we are talking 16 digits. I''d be curious to see a real-world example where the float math is the source of error, as opposed to some other bug.
It doesn't take much imagination to construct an example. Knowing 0.1 isn't exactly represented make a formula with it that should be exactly a half cent. Depending on fp I precision it will be slightly above or below a half cent and rounding will not work as expected. We found this in prod at a rate of hundreds to thousands of times per day it only takes volume to surface unlikely errors.
In a real-life transaction where pennies are not exchanged this could mean a difference of a nickel on a $20 purchase which isn't a meaningful difference but certainly not insignificant.