> Studies have shown that the vape smoke stimulates the vagus nerve which causes changes in the cardiovascular system that could likely cause heart disease
Can you name this study? Are you talking about "E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice"? This study did not find what you claim. All it found is that in mice the heart rhythm during and right after exposure increased. This is far from claiming that it "could likely cause heart disease" in humans. Also human switching studies point the other way. smokers who move to vaping show improvements in blood vessel function within weeks. I don't know why people really need to twist study results to depict vaping more harmful than it is. Yes, it is not healthy and you shouldn't do it. But all scientific evidence conclusively points to vaping, even heavy vaping, still being way less harmful than smoking because we already know that basically all harm comes from inhaling the residues of combustion, not from the nicotine. Condeming vaping as being equally bad as smoking is irresponsible and unscientific and prevents proven harm reduction for heavy smokers.
> Condeming vaping as being equally bad as smoking is irresponsible and unscientific and prevents proven harm reduction for heavy smokers.
I never said this did I.
Also you’re talking about smokers moving to vaping, whereas at the moment plenty of people are going straight to vaping due to people over arguing how harmless it is compared to smoking.
As far as I know the academic consensus is that taking in more nicotine, even a lot more, doesn't turn vaping into something as harmful as smoking. Addiction is the main established "harm". Nicotine, even very much of it, is not considered a carcinogen. There are studies that suggest it could promote tumour growth but it hasn't been shown in humans. There is also decades of data from nicotine replacement therapy and Swedish snus users and it shows little to no increase in heart attacks or strokes in otherwise healthy people. Another risk is accute poisoning, i.e. swallowing large quantities of liquid by children. As far as I know even the more alarming voices regarding nicotine do not regard it as harmful as inhaling fumes from combustion.
Also I don't think that there are many people that overdose nicotine regularily because it causes nausea and dizziness so people are normally self-regulating the nicotine dose automatically. So the scenario you are proposing doesn't seem to be something we can actually observe as a common consumption pattern.
Too much nicotine is far closer to drinking too much coffee than to smoking and has similar acute effects which is why almost nobody does it on a regular basis.
> It is generally harder to build a crypto system than to break one
It was harder to design Symmetric Encryption using e.g. AES-256 than to break it? As far as I know it's design is pretty straight-forward but there is no known way to break it even with all compute of the planet at your disposal (excluding trivial ways like exposing the key).
Yes, it was. An attack only needs to work one way, but an encryption standard must resist all attacks.
There are many examples of would be crypto algorithms that died on the vine because an attack was found. It is often recommended for beginners to study breaking cryptographic algorithms long before they attempt to create them.
It didn't take 25 years to come up with Symmetric Encryption and AES but even though people try extensively to break it for the last 25 years no-one has come even close to anything that is not brute force (which is practically impossible even assuming very generous computing resources). So at least in that case coming up with the encryption seems to be a very solvable problem but breaking it seems close to impossible.
It’s worth considering AES is the result of many decades of development of prior block cipher algorithms. It is no so hard to make a variant of AES that looks similar but is not secure.
Time estimations by LLMs are hilariously incorrect all the time. It estimates very simple things that a human could do in an hour to take days or weeks and other things that are genuinely tedious and time-consuming it estimates taking a few hours. LLMs have no understanding of time and no world model that even allows them to make correct time estimates. They will always fail to provide decent time estimates unless the task is well-known, in the training data and they can extrapolate that with a simple math script.
My favourite story is of an elderly coworker with no AI experience who innocuously asked GPT-5-mini (at the time his framework's default model) to translate a 50 page engineering spec, and it kept him at arm's length for about a week about how that task would take just another 24-36 hours more. He kept asking like, you finished yet? and it just made up excuses, "so sorry, I got distracted, give me one more day", and he went "please finish, I need this", and 5-mini came back "I totally understand -- let me get to work immediately, I'll report back ASAP", end of conversation. He got annoyed but never even suspected anything wrong, because this is the kind of conversation he's used to. I wonder how long this would have continued, if I hadn't intervened by chance.
Without the published conversation, train-of-thought and intermediate output and knowing what Astra did this is nothing but unfounded claims. In the end this could have been a web search, downloading an existing enigma simulator and trying out some rather obvious things. Also what does "resisted resolution" even mean? Have there even been serious attempts to decipher the message? How serious?
Also: Why should we assume Terra, GLM or any other less SOTA and less expensive model wouldn't have been able to do the same?
> Why do you think this uncracked code was so simple to solve?
I never said this. All I said is we don't have the conversation and therefore we can't determine how easy or hard of a problem it was.
> And it's very possible Terra or GLM could crack it, turn off their web access and try yourself.
I'm questioning why this should be labeled "Astra" breaking anything implying it required "the best" model to do it when in fact any other half-decent model might have been able to do this as well.
EDIT: Okay seems like the actual prompt is published, just not on the same article that was linked. Maybe I'll give it a try.
this! a semantic class name that is scoped to only that component and only ever used in that component is pointless indirection only needed to be able the reference the actual css properties in that other file sitting next to your component by using some name.
that is a very good observation. I think in a component-based application "semantic css" entirely looses its purpose because the semantical meaning is encoded in the component name and interface and all the markup and styles it contains are scoped to only that component and never leak. In this world having re-usable atomic styles makes suddenly becomes the correct thing. If you don't have any components of course you are forced to apply .button everywhere to convey the message that. this is and that div styled like a button. But if you have a button component this is pointless.
have that wrapped in a component named ErrorText and it makes perfectly sense. Why would you need a component ErrorText which restates its own name in the classname again when that classname is only ever used in that exact component. If anything you only need it because your atomic styles sit in another file and you somehow need to reference them. If you have both in the same file with a name ErrorText there is nothing more to give any semantic meaning.
Semantic class names make no sense in a component context and that's why tailwind feels like a liberation in the context of component-based web applications. A component and its interface is the semantic meaning, the markup and styles it contains are scoped to that component and should not be / need not be semantic at all. This greatly reduces cognitive load.
The US Dollar is chronically over-valued because of its reserve currency status. The US wanted it that way, opposing Keynes proposal of an international clearing union using a clearing currency (which he called the Bancor) that is independent of any specific country. This automatically means that US companies suffer a huge competitive disadvantage which results in an external deficit. The foreign sector accumulates dollar savings. Now the US household sector naturally also runs a surplus. This only leaves the companies and the government which must by logic of sectoral balances run a deficit for the economy not to shrink. The companies are in aggregate also running a surplus since the neoliberal shift and that leaves only one sector that must have a matching deficit if you want to at least keep up economic activity. If the government sector wants to run a surplus that automatically and necessarily must mean that one of the other sectors must run a deficit by logic of accounting. Which one should that be and how do you want to force it to run a deficit? The foreign sector is not an option as long as the US Dollar is the dominant reserve currency because it is overvalued. The households are a natural saver almost always running a surplus. That leaves only the companies to run a deficit. Now how do you get the companies to run a deficit (in aggregate of course, we are not talking about a single company)? You need to make them invest more than they earn. This used to be the role the company sector had until the 70s. Since then we got Thatcher and Reagan with financialization, deregulation, pressure on wages (they fell from about 70% of GDP to about 60%). The government will have to run massive deficits just to keep the economy going unless we roll that back.
nobody claimed otherwise
> Studies have shown that the vape smoke stimulates the vagus nerve which causes changes in the cardiovascular system that could likely cause heart disease
Can you name this study? Are you talking about "E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice"? This study did not find what you claim. All it found is that in mice the heart rhythm during and right after exposure increased. This is far from claiming that it "could likely cause heart disease" in humans. Also human switching studies point the other way. smokers who move to vaping show improvements in blood vessel function within weeks. I don't know why people really need to twist study results to depict vaping more harmful than it is. Yes, it is not healthy and you shouldn't do it. But all scientific evidence conclusively points to vaping, even heavy vaping, still being way less harmful than smoking because we already know that basically all harm comes from inhaling the residues of combustion, not from the nicotine. Condeming vaping as being equally bad as smoking is irresponsible and unscientific and prevents proven harm reduction for heavy smokers.
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